Thanks Jon...interesting observations...ice is a incredible machine at exfoliating rock or splitting other ice, ice ridges...I guess if over burden of ice is stronger than container, what gets distorted is the weakest substance....candidly, I thought of ice trays that do not get bulged when cubes freeze in them...as I recall maximum ice expansion occurs at 32* F; when it first freezes...in a hot water heater the ice should freeze from the metal surface of the heater outward and expansion should be away from heater wall..water has a high latent heat while the metal of the heater doesn't.
Guess proof of the pudding is that many, myself included, who have never used anti-freeze but only drained FWC water system including heater and main water tank, have not suffered internal damage to the heater...in my case to -11 degrees F this winter while I was skiing..honestly just hitting 32*F is the critical point for expansion and beyond that a moot point..but hey, I could be wrong!
Will try research what FWC sez about not just draining system if you have a hot water heater..
Phil
Edited by Wallowa, 02 October 2021 - 12:20 AM.